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Problèmes 2025-12-31
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Migration SSD
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Migration SSD
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Matériel
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Procédure de migration
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1. Backup préalable
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2. Préparation du SSD
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3. Synchronisation avec rsync
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4. Configuration des PARTUUIDs
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5. Configuration EEPROM boot order
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Résultats benchmark
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Écriture séquentielle (128MB)
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I/O aléatoires 4K (le plus important)
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État actuel
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Fallback automatique
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Scripts associés
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Historique
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</a>
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<div class="md-content" data-md-component="content">
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|
<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
|
|
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|
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|
|
<h1 id="migration-sd-ssd-nvme">Migration SD → SSD NVMe</h1>
|
|
<div class="admonition success">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Migration réussie le 1er janvier 2026</p>
|
|
<p>Talloires boot désormais sur un SSD NVMe de 512GB, avec la carte SD comme fallback automatique.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2 id="contexte">Contexte</h2>
|
|
<p>Le Raspberry Pi 5 fonctionnait sur une carte SD de 64GB, ce qui posait plusieurs problèmes :</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><strong>Performance I/O limitée</strong> : Les écritures aléatoires 4K plafonnaient à ~300 IOPS</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Espace disque contraint</strong> : Seulement 17GB libres pour les services Docker</li>
|
|
<li><strong>Usure de la SD</strong> : Les écritures fréquentes (logs, métriques) usent prématurément les cartes SD</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="materiel">Matériel</h2>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Composant</th>
|
|
<th>Modèle</th>
|
|
<th>Capacité</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>SSD NVMe</td>
|
|
<td>Acer MA200</td>
|
|
<td>512 GB</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>HAT NVMe</td>
|
|
<td>(intégré Pi 5)</td>
|
|
<td>PCIe 2.0 x1</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>Carte SD (backup)</td>
|
|
<td>SanDisk</td>
|
|
<td>64 GB</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h2 id="procedure-de-migration">Procédure de migration</h2>
|
|
<h3 id="1-backup-prealable">1. Backup préalable</h3>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># Backup complet vers Annecy (NAS)</span>
|
|
~/backup-to-annecy.sh
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Le script sauvegarde <code>~/talloires-v2/</code> (3.7GB, 19,427 fichiers) vers <code>/mnt/annecy/talloires/</code>.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="2-preparation-du-ssd">2. Préparation du SSD</h3>
|
|
<p>Le SSD était déjà partitionné avec une installation précédente :</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>/dev/nvme0n1p1 511M boot (FAT32)
|
|
/dev/nvme0n1p2 468G root (ext4)
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="3-synchronisation-avec-rsync">3. Synchronisation avec rsync</h3>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># Sync root filesystem</span>
|
|
sudo<span class="w"> </span>rsync<span class="w"> </span>-axHAWXS<span class="w"> </span>--numeric-ids<span class="w"> </span>--info<span class="o">=</span>progress2<span class="w"> </span>--delete<span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span>--exclude<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/boot/firmware/*"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span>--exclude<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/dev/*"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span>--exclude<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/proc/*"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span>--exclude<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/sys/*"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span>--exclude<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/tmp/*"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span>--exclude<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/run/*"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span>--exclude<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/mnt/*"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span>--exclude<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/media/*"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span>--exclude<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"/lost+found"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="se">\</span>
|
|
<span class="w"> </span>/<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/ssd-root/
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># Sync boot partition</span>
|
|
sudo<span class="w"> </span>rsync<span class="w"> </span>-avx<span class="w"> </span>/boot/firmware/<span class="w"> </span>/mnt/ssd-boot/
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="4-configuration-des-partuuids">4. Configuration des PARTUUIDs</h3>
|
|
<p>Mise à jour de <code>/etc/fstab</code> sur le SSD :</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>PARTUUID=e4c047f7-01 /boot/firmware vfat defaults 0 2
|
|
PARTUUID=e4c047f7-02 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<p>Mise à jour de <code>/boot/firmware/cmdline.txt</code> :</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>root=PARTUUID=e4c047f7-02
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h3 id="5-configuration-eeprom-boot-order">5. Configuration EEPROM boot order</h3>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># Avant: 0xf461 (SD → NVMe → USB)</span>
|
|
<span class="c1"># Après: 0xf416 (NVMe → SD → USB)</span>
|
|
sudo<span class="w"> </span>rpi-eeprom-config<span class="w"> </span>--edit
|
|
<span class="c1"># Modifier BOOT_ORDER=0xf416</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Code</th>
|
|
<th>Signification</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>6</td>
|
|
<td>NVMe (prioritaire)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>1</td>
|
|
<td>SD card (fallback)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>4</td>
|
|
<td>USB</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>f</td>
|
|
<td>Restart loop</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h2 id="resultats-benchmark">Résultats benchmark</h2>
|
|
<h3 id="ecriture-sequentielle-128mb">Écriture séquentielle (128MB)</h3>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Device</th>
|
|
<th>Vitesse</th>
|
|
<th>Ratio</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>SD Card</td>
|
|
<td>8.9 MB/s</td>
|
|
<td>1x</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>SSD NVMe</td>
|
|
<td>2,100 MB/s</td>
|
|
<td><strong>236x</strong></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<h3 id="io-aleatoires-4k-le-plus-important">I/O aléatoires 4K (le plus important)</h3>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Device</th>
|
|
<th>Read IOPS</th>
|
|
<th>Write IOPS</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>SD Card</td>
|
|
<td>3,288</td>
|
|
<td>302</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>SSD NVMe</td>
|
|
<td>315,076</td>
|
|
<td>334,367</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><strong>Gain</strong></td>
|
|
<td><strong>96x</strong></td>
|
|
<td><strong>1,108x</strong> 🔥</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<div class="admonition info">
|
|
<p class="admonition-title">Pourquoi les IOPS 4K comptent</p>
|
|
<p>Les écritures aléatoires 4K sont critiques pour :</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Démarrage des containers Docker</li>
|
|
<li>Journaux système et logs applicatifs</li>
|
|
<li>Bases de données (Gitea, Home Assistant)</li>
|
|
<li>Métriques Prometheus/Grafana</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2 id="etat-actuel">État actuel</h2>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># Vérifier le device de boot</span>
|
|
findmnt<span class="w"> </span>-n<span class="w"> </span>-o<span class="w"> </span>SOURCE<span class="w"> </span>/
|
|
<span class="c1"># /dev/nvme0n1p2</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># Espace disponible</span>
|
|
df<span class="w"> </span>-h<span class="w"> </span>/
|
|
<span class="c1"># 468G total, 406G libres (87%)</span>
|
|
|
|
<span class="c1"># Boot order</span>
|
|
sudo<span class="w"> </span>rpi-eeprom-config<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>grep<span class="w"> </span>BOOT_ORDER
|
|
<span class="c1"># BOOT_ORDER=0xf416</span>
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="fallback-automatique">Fallback automatique</h2>
|
|
<p>La carte SD reste branchée et contient un système fonctionnel. Si le SSD a un problème :</p>
|
|
<ol>
|
|
<li>Le Pi essaie de booter sur NVMe → échec</li>
|
|
<li>Le Pi boot automatiquement sur SD → succès</li>
|
|
<li>On peut diagnostiquer/réparer le SSD</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
<p>Pour forcer le boot SD (debug) :</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="c1"># Temporairement changer le boot order</span>
|
|
sudo<span class="w"> </span>rpi-eeprom-config<span class="w"> </span>--edit
|
|
<span class="c1"># BOOT_ORDER=0xf461 (SD first)</span>
|
|
sudo<span class="w"> </span>reboot
|
|
</code></pre></div>
|
|
<h2 id="scripts-associes">Scripts associés</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><code>~/backup-to-annecy.sh</code> : Backup quotidien vers NAS (cron 3h)</li>
|
|
<li>Healthchecks.io : Monitoring du backup</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="historique">Historique</h2>
|
|
<table>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th>Date</th>
|
|
<th>Action</th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>2026-01-01</td>
|
|
<td>Migration SD → SSD NVMe</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>2026-01-01</td>
|
|
<td>Correction script backup (source: talloires-v2)</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>2026-01-01</td>
|
|
<td>Benchmark et documentation</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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